Structural section for flexible



Patented Aug. 14, 1945 UNITED sTATEsPATENT 'ol-FICE STRUCTURALSECTION'FOR FLEXIBLE WELD'ED CONNECTIONS f' Emanuel Scheyer, NewYork, N.Y. Application September 16, 1943, Serial No. 502,571

4 claims. l(ci. 139-41) l' This invention relates to structural sectionsfor use in ilexible welded structural connections. They form part ofconnections which are so designed that the deformations of the connectedmembers are largely prevented from producing secondary stresses inthewelding. The structural sections are weak in bending along a certainline or lines so that they flex along these lines and hence do notrestrain the members against their deformations under loading, therebylargely preventing said deformations from producing secondary stressesin the welding, a1- lowing the latter to take substantially onlyprincipal stress such as shearing.

Instead of fabricating material individually for each connection,especially where an erection seat is used, it is more economical to rollor otherwise produce continuous lengths of predetermined sections andthen cut them into pieces to suit desired connections.

Sections of Various sizes and formsare made available, which sectionscan be selected by the detailer and furnished by the mill, just asvarious beams are.

In one form, the section is substantially T- shaped having the head ofthe T weakened by a groove or by a line of perforations or by a line ofindentations. In another form it is an angle section having a legweakened along two lines. In still another form, it is al plate weakenedalong one or two lines for substantially the full length of the plate'as rolled.

' The sections are preferably formed by rolling.

This application is a continuation in part of my application Serial No.474,842.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent upon a further studyof the description and drawing, in which:

Fig. 1` is an elevation of the end of a beam showing its shearconnection to the vertically extending portion of another member, theweb of a deep beam or to a column, the connecting piece being theT-shaped structural section.

Fig. 2 is a cross section to a larger scale of the T-shaped sectionshown by itself.v It is taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 3 is an elevation, as in Fig. 1, but with the beam and connectionshown deformed.

Fig. 4 is an elevation of the end of a relatively shallow beam showingits shear connection, flush top, to a relatively deeper beam, theconnecting piece being the angle-shaped section.

Fig. 5 is an elevation, as in Fig. 4, but with the beam and connectionshown deformed. y

Fig. 6 is an elevation of the end of a relatively shallowbeam'showingfits shear connection, flush bottom, to a relatively deeperbeam, the connecting piece being a double weakened plate section. Fig. 7is an elevation, as in Fig. 6, but with the beam and-connection showndeformed.

`Fig. 8 is anv elevation of the end of a beam f showing itsshearconnection to a beam with its bottom flange at a higher elevation, theconnecting piece being the angle-shaped section.

Fig. 9 is an elevation of the end of a beam showing its shear connectionto a deeper beam intermediate of itsanges, the connecting piece beingthe angle-shaped section.

- Fig. 10 is an elevation of the T-shaped connecting piece showing theweakening eiected by spaced holes or indentations.

Fig. i'11 is a cross section of the connecting piece taken along theline II-'II of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is an elevation of the T-shapedconnecting. piece showing the weakening effected -by a longitudinalgroove.

Fig. 13 is an elevation of the end of a beam showing its shearconnection to a column, the web of a deep beam or vertically extendingpart of a structural member, the connecting piece'being-a weakened platewith an angle welded on for an erection seat.

Fig. -14 isa cross section of the angle-shaped section to a largerscale. f

Fig.. l5 is a cross section to a larger scale of the plate secton'withtwo weakening lines.

` Fig- -16 isa cross section-y of the plate section with a singleweakening line, and

Fig. 17 is an elevation of the endof a beam showing its connection to asupporting beam by the use of the angle-shaped connection, eXtensionplates being used to allow for the erection clearance between the beams....In its simplest form, the structural section consists of a plate,with a line of weakness preferably rolled therein, as plate 63 withgroove 39 in Figs. 13 and16. 1

By way of example, a beam 67,'` Fig. 13, is shown framing to the flangeof column 65. Plate 63 has seat angle 69 welded to it by shop welds 10,only vthe weld on the near side being seen. Plate 63, with angle 69welded toit, is shopwelded to column 65 by means of welds 66, only theone on the nearside being seen. Seat angle ,69 is provided with holesfor erection bolts 59. Plate 63 rhas a line of weakness or reducedsection at groove 39, said groove being preferably rolled in the plate;lvInstead'of using a continuous groove, a line of indentations canberolled in the plate, such as the indentations I1 shown in plan in Fig.10 for section 92. Instead of only being indentations I1, they can be'complete holes as shown at I8 for section 92 in Fig. 11. Indentations |1in a cross section would have the appearance of groove 94 in Fig. 2.

Structural section 92, Figs. 1, 2 and 3, is a more convenient form thanplate 63 for use in the flexible Welded connection. Section 92 is formedwith a flange 95 which acts as aseat to assist in the erection of beam96 instead of using a separate seat angle 69 as in Fig. 13. The sectionis essentially T-shaped in cross section, the pore tion 93 of the headof the T being grooved or otherwise weakened in the rolling'as at 94.See Figures 10', 11 and 12. Where a groove'is used it should be on thesame side with flange 95. Stem or fiange 95 serves as an erection seatwhen the section is cut into short lengths to serve as connectingpieces. bolts 59 are put in the connecting pieces in the fabricatingshop. `In order that beam 96 may be set tight up against portion 93v forthe purpose of being fastened by weldings 91 thereto, no fillet isformed between said portion and stem 95. To suit connections over awiderange of reactions, a number of standard sizes of the T-section arerolled, that is the head of thev T is longer or shorter or heavier, justas various sections of beams are rolled to suit conditions of loading.The head of the T-is shop weldedv to the column below ange 95 atweldings 98 and field welded to beam 96 by weldings 91. When the end ofbeam 96 deforms under load, as seen in Fig. 3, portion 93 bends readilyalong theline of weakening 94 preventing undue stress from beingproduced in weldings 91 and 98 which would votherwise be the case werethe' full bending strength of the head of T 92 be required to beovercome to permit the deformation of the beam. Enough metal is left insection 82 to transmit the load of beam 96 from weldings 91 to weldings98. l i

In cases where the bottom ofl a supporting member, such as Stringer 21,Figsui and is a short distance from the bottom'v part of beam 34 i'vided with a flange 29 to serve as an'erectionf In the case of'T-section92, there is stem projectingA from a plate or head seat. or seat flange95 portion.

JustA as with the case of T-92, angle-section 28 is preferably producedin the rolling mill, with its lines of weakening 30 and 3| formedtherein by the rolls. Where grooving or indenting is used to weakenthe'section, it is preferable to have groove 3| or equivalentindentations nearer the seat flange or leg 29 extend inward from thesame surface as fromwhich said leg extends outward. Groove 30 orequivalent indentations extends inward froml the opposite surface fromwhich groove 3| extends. This is to avoid cracking of section 28 when itdeforms as seen in Fig. 5. The portion of section 28 below. groove 3| isshop welded at 32 to the web of beam 21, while the portion of saidsection above groove 3U is field welded to beam 34 by welding 33. Flange29 is provided with holes for erection bolts 59 in the fabricating shopafter said section has been cut into a piece of Asuitable length toserve as` connection piece between beams 21 and 34. The use of two linesof weakening is necessary Bolt holes fory erection` to overcome thereversal of bending moment taking place in section 28 welded as shown.

Section 28 can be used where the bottom flange of the supported beam 35is below the bottom flange of the supporting beam 36, Fig. 8. In thiscase beam 35 is blocked out and angles 31 are attached to its web forerection purposes, erection bolts 59 attaching said angles to seatflange 29. The vertical leg of section 28 is provided with weldingsbetween beams 35 and 36 just as shown for beams 34 and 21 in Fig. 4.

Where there is no room for seat ange 29, section 40 as shown in Figs. 6,7 and 15 can be used.

' `Section 48 is a plate with a double line of weakening, just the sameas for the vertical leg of section 28 as seen in Figs. 4, 8 and 9. It isthe same as section 28 except it lacks seat flange 29. A

welding 32 is used to shop weld section 40 .to beam 4|, and a welding 33is vused to field weld beam 42 to section 40. There are two such weldsas 32 and as 33, a nearside weld and a farside weld. Section 40 isweakened alongY the two transversely spaced longitudinal lines 30 and8|. Where grooves are used (including indentations) they extend inwardfrom opposite surfaces. Section 49 is provided with two lines ofweakening to provide for the contrafiexure produced in it by thedeformationof beam 42 as seen in Fig. '1. An erection seat for beam 42is provided by shop welding plate 43 to the bottom flange of beam 4|with suitableholes for erection bolts 59.

To allow clearance for erection where a beam frames in between twoothers, a clearance 6|., Fig. 17, of one-half inch or so is provided toswing beam 62 into' position. As it is `not feasible to weld acrosssuchI a gap,extension plates 60 are used, one end of the plates beingwelded at 68 to the web of the beam and the other end being weldedy at64 to connecting angle 28.

In Fig. 9 is shown the more or less central connection of.a shallowerbeam 65 to a deeper beam 66, using the connecting angle 28.

I claim: v f

l. As an article of manufacture, a structural section substantiallyAT-shaped in cross section, the head of-the T having a longitudinalgroove extending inward from the same surface from which Athe stemprojects, substantially weakening said head in transverse bending, saidgroove being located,` substantially adjacent the stem, the surface ofthe stem on its side facing the groove extending at right angles to saidsurface of the head, said surfaces' continuing plane, except forthegroove, clear totheir line of intersection.

2. As an article of manufacture, a structural section substantiallyT-shaped in cross section, the head of the T having a longitudinal zoneof weakness substantially adjacent the stem, materially weakening saidhead in transverse bending, the surface of the stem on its side facingsaid Zone extending at right angles to the adjacent surface of the head,said surfaces continuing plane, except at the zoneclea'r to their lineof intersection.

v3. As an article lof manufacture Aa structural section substantiallyT-shaped in cross section, the head of the T having a reduction in areaalong a longitudinal line substantially adjacent the stem, materiallyweakening said head in transverse bending, the surface of the stern onits side facing said line extending at right angles to the adjacentsurface of the head, said surfaces continuing plane, vexcept at saidline, clear to their line of intersection. i

4. As an article of manufacture, a structural section substantiallyT-shaped in cross section, the head of the T having one of its surfacesdepressed along a line substantially adjacent the stem, materiallyweakening in bending along said line that portion of the head to oneside of the stem which contains said line, the surface of said headportion on its side from which the stem projects extending at rightangles to the adjacent surface of the stem, said latter tWo surfacescontinuing plane clear to their line of intersection, except at saidline of depression, when the surface of said head portion from which thestem extends, is the one depressed along said line.

EMANUEL SCHEYER.

